It includes two major sub-specialties:

i. Shalakya Tantra - Nethra Roga (Ophthalmology): This sub-specialty focuses on the diagnosis and management of eye-related disorders. Ancient Ayurvedic texts like Sushruta Samhita and Vagbhata's Ashtanga Hridaya contain detailed descriptions of various eye conditions, their etiology, and treatment modalities. Ayurvedic ophthalmology addresses a wide range of ocular issues, including conjunctivitis, cataracts, glaucoma, refractive errors, and eye strain. Herbal eye drops, ocular massages, and various eye cleansing techniques are among the treatment methods employed.

ii. Shalakya Tantra - Karna Roga (Otology): The sub-specialty of Karna Roga focuses on diagnosing and treating ear-related disorders. It covers a broad spectrum of ear ailments, such as ear infections, hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and excessive ear wax. Ayurvedic ear treatments often involve the use of herbal ear drops, steam therapy, and gentle cleaning procedures to alleviate these conditions.

Shalakya Tantra physicians are highly skilled in examining the eyes, ears, nose, throat, and head, using traditional diagnostic techniques like Nadi Pariksha (pulse diagnosis), Shalakya Pariksha (instrumental examination), and Pratyaksha (direct observation). They also consider the individual's constitution (Prakriti) and the doshic imbalances (Vikriti) while formulating a personalized treatment plan.

In addition to specific treatments for eye and ear conditions, Shalakya Tantra practitioners may also recommend practices to promote eye and ear health, such as eye exercises, eye hygiene, and ear care. Moreover, they emphasize preventive measures to protect these sensitive organs from various environmental factors.

While modern medicine has advanced in these fields, Shalakya Tantra continues to offer valuable insights and complementary approaches to enhance eye and ear health based on Ayurvedic principles. As with any medical treatment, it is essential to consult a qualified and experienced Ayurvedic physician for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment for eye and ear conditions.